Four Ds of robots
Dirty – they live in the drainage system. Its called snake
robots.
Luxury
Education
Entertainment
Sensors
AI
Micro controls
Brain inside the watch
NI and ML programs are there in the phone
Light works on switch
on/off . smart light – sensor – on when there is someone in the house. Motion control
smart lights.
There is audrino microcontrols
For doing it
We can use the led to do it
Main voltage we can connect
Relay =
Audriono only 5 volts
We use at home 240
volts
Using relay we can Multiply it to 240 volts signal .
Relay we give small signal and house voltage then it can work for the outside house
autonomous robot
Fire sensor,
Smoke sensor
Robot to think
Body part to action
Foundation of any robot
They have to understand this 3 concept
GOD gives this organ to us and we are god to robots and we can use this
40 to 60 sensors are there
Development board
Digital
Anolog
Power
Usb
Introduce lights
2 main things
How to use the board
Programming basic
there is a logic and sequence
Empty brain without program
Making it intelligent to use program
Long = positive
Short = negative
Physical, mental and learn ur science and maths
Concepts
Electrons flow is current
Electrons flows there is push needed , push is given by
voltage which is the potential
Current need to flow its needs a push which need a voltage
To glow the light we need a current, when there is flow of
electrons only then it will on, but this needs a potential difference.
We always need a positive and negative terminals
Positive, negative, neutral. Potential difference, only then
the electric flows in circuit
Led = uni direction device
If its not working it means that they haven’t
GND = low potential
Negative connect to gnd
GND is automatically set to low
Prev release
Download 1.8.13
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
//input and output device
declare
//what pin it is used - 13 pin we have connected a device.
this device is a output device, so u have to give signal. input device, ardinuo
will take the signal.
//temp sensor, input device, which pin it should get the
input
//led = we can give only on/off. led is a output device.
// commandable device, it can get the cammand and execute
//cmd device = output device
//sensors are input device
//motors, leds = output device, actutators are o/p device
//light sensor = input device
//dont need to mention ground
pinMode(13,OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
// put your main
code here, to run repeatedly:
//all execution will
be written here.
//2 mode - digital,
analog both can used for any device
//digital = contains
2 state, high state = on, low state = off
digitalWrite(13,HIGH);
//analog contains
main operations
}
Input range Analog signal
0-1023
Output range analog singal = 0,255
0-
On
255 – off state
Project 1:
LED Blink
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
//input and output device
declare
//what pin it is used - 13 pin we have connected a device.
this device is a output device, so u have to give signal. input device, ardinuo
will take the signal.
//temp sensor, input device, which pin it should get the
input
//led = we can give only on/off. led is a output device.
// commandable device, it can get the cammand and execute
//cmd device = output device
//sensors are input device
//motors, leds = output device, actutators are o/p device
//light sensor = input device
//dont need to mention ground
pinMode(13,OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
// put your main
code here, to run repeatedly:
//all execution will
be written here.
//2 mode - digital,
analog both can used for any device
//digital = contains
2 state, high state = on, low state = off
digitalWrite(13,HIGH);
delay(1000);//1000ms
for 1 sec
digitalWrite(13,LOW);
delay(1000);//1000ms
for 1 sec
//analog contains
main operations
}
Project 2:
Blinking challenges
LED speed control
How to make it blink fast
Project 3:
Multiple Device
Traffic control
Red,green,orange led
Jumper wires
Men end
Female end
Male to male
Female to female
Male to female
Avoid 0 and 1 pins it is used for serial communication
Project 4:
2 leds
Alternative leds
1 led
2 leds
Alternative leds blinking
Simultaneously blinking on both leds
Final project
Happy Birthday
Wave pin works for both digital and analog. PWM pulse width modulation
SET negative pins to grn
void setup() {
// put your setup
code here, to run once:
pinMode(11,OUTPUT);
pinMode(10,OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
// put your main
code here, to run repeatedly:
analogWrite(11,250);
analogWrite(10,250);
delay(1500);
analogWrite(11,50);
analogWrite(10,50);
delay(1500);
}
Make digital pin to
ground
void setup() {
// put your setup
code here, to run once:
pinMode(11,OUTPUT);
pinMode(10,OUTPUT);
pinMode(13,OUTPUT);
pinMode(8,OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
// put your main
code here, to run repeatedly:
analogWrite(11,250);
analogWrite(10,250);
analogWrite(13,0);
analogWrite(8,0);
delay(1500);
analogWrite(11,50);
analogWrite(10,50);
analogWrite(8,0);
analogWrite(13,0);
delay(1500);
}
Combined digital and analog
void setup() {
// put your setup
code here, to run once:
pinMode(11,OUTPUT);
pinMode(10,OUTPUT);
pinMode(13,OUTPUT);
pinMode(8,OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
// put your main
code here, to run repeatedly:
digitalWrite(11,HIGH);
analogWrite(10,250);
analogWrite(13,LOW);
analogWrite(8,0);
delay(1500);
analogWrite(11,HIGH);
analogWrite(10,50);
analogWrite(8,0);
analogWrite(13,LOW);
delay(1500);
}
RGB = 16m colors
common cathode – long leg - grn
common anode – long leg to 5v
void setup() {
// put your setup
code here, to run once:
pinMode(11,OUTPUT);//red
pinMode(10,OUTPUT);//Green
pinMode(9,OUTPUT);//blue
}
void loop() {
// put your main
code here, to run repeatedly:
// rgb(0, 204, 0)
from html color picker - green
analogWrite(11,0);
analogWrite(10,204);
analogWrite(9,0);
delay(1500);
// rgb(51, 102,
204) from html color picker - blue
analogWrite(11,51);
analogWrite(10,102);
analogWrite(9,204);
delay(1500);
}
Sensor
Turn on or turn off -> digital
Ac temperature reduce – analog
DIGITAL INPUTS & ANALOG INPUTS
infra red sensor it
detects objects
it generates ir rays. It transmits the rays and it reflects back
0 and 1
0 -> didn’t receive the rays
1-> bounce back to the sensor
There is a screw we can adjust to get the distance of the
object
Sometimes it will not sense
Interface
Vcc - positive
power – 5volts
Grn - -ve power
//embedded c
//bulgar alarm
//car reverse camera
//remote car and put a reverse camera
void setup() {
// put your setup
code here, to run once:
//ir sensor , gnd
connect to arduino grd, vcc to 5v, output to 9 digital
pinMode(9,INPUT);
//sensor out put should always be in 9
//buzzer
//small leg to
grd, long leg to 11
pinMode(11,OUTPUT);//buzzer output
Serial.begin(9600); //serail monitor it starts, it used for outpu the
logs in the monitor.for all sensor we need to use it
}
void loop() {
// put your main
code here, to run repeatedly:
//variable
declaration
int irSensor = 0;
// fresh begining
irSensor =
digitalRead(9); //extract the value
Serial.println("Sensor value:"); // to differntiate the the
above sennor
Serial.println(irSensor); // values need to be passed.
//sometimes the 0
will be make the buzzer sound or else 1 will make the bazzer sound
if(irSensor ==
LOW)
{
digitalWrite(11,HIGH);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(11,LOW);
}
}
//to get the power always use 9v batter
Sensor -> ultra sonic - > 2 eyes sensor
Object detection
Ultra sonic ways is used to detects the objects
Bats uses ultra sonic ways
One eye is transamittor
Receiveor receives the ways
1 & 0 is the
output
Digital mode receives 0 an
1 mode
Bread board
Rows and column first and last row is called rows, when we
give 5v to a row the whole row Is 5v
Columns is in the middle part and when we give 5v to column
the entire column will get 5v
+ - positive
-ve Is ground
Motors
Two Types
1.
DC
a.
Continues spin. Example fan, juice,
ginder,
b.
Clock wise and other one is anti clock
wise
c.
++ - anti clock
d.
-- -> clock
e.
Test the spin using just motor and fan
with 9v battery
f.
Cars mortors – go reverse change motor polarity
g.
Obstacle avoid car – if there is a
obstacle then it reverse and then turn different directions
h.
How to do it automatically? There is a
switching device to change from direct to reverse direction
i.
3 to 6 v or it make need 9 v
2.
Server
a.
Goes to a particular angle
3.
Stepper
a.
clock
it takes electric input and gives mechanical output
Arduino can give for small devices (on/off) program
signal – its weak signal
It cannot give power to motor
So for that we need a bridge circuit or motor driver
This is used between motor and Arduino
Motor driver – gets the Arduino weak signal and change it
to super power and amplify to motor (change weak to strong signal)
IC -> chip l293d
Two usages
è power
amplify
è change
the direction of motor (to change the bidirectionly switching the direction of
motor spin
è connects
2 motors (use both side of the ic) or
can connect only one motor
è one
motor we select any side, both sides are identical
è there
are 16 pins
è if we
connect one motor then use one side 8 pins
è ex: we give
weak signal input1/output1 and then output2/ input2
è one motor got 2 terminal so we
have 2 o/p and 2 i/p
Enable:
è Give 5v to make it active on that direction
è Give -ve
to GRN
VS :
è keeps the IC alive -> to give 5v
è Give -ve
to GRN
Input 1 & input 2:
è Arduino
signal
Output 1 & output 2 :
è Motor
Top and bottom pin give 5v
Middle two ground
Motor gots 2 terminal
Servo Motor
#include <Servo.h>
Servo wipper;
void setup() {
wipper.attach(10);
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
wipper.write(180);
delay(1000);
wipper.write(0);
delay(1000);
}
Tools
Snap4arduino
Mbot
Critile
Bread board
Rows and column first and last row is called rows, when we
give 5v to a row the whole row Is 5v
Columns is in the middle part and when we give 5v to column
the entire column will get 5v
+ - positive
-ve Is ground
Motors
Two Types
1.
DC
a.
Continues spin. Example fan, juice,
ginder,
b.
Clock wise and other one is anti clock
wise
c.
++ - anti clock
d.
-- -> clock
e.
Test the spin using just motor and fan
with 9v battery
f.
Cars mortors – go reverse change motor polarity
g.
Obstacle avoid car – if there is a
obstacle then it reverse and then turn different directions
h.
How to do it automatically? There is a
switching device to change from direct to reverse direction
i.
3 to 6 v or it make need 9 v
2.
Server
a.
Goes to a particular angle
3.
Stepper
a.
clock
it takes electric input and gives mechanical output
Arduino can give for small devices (on/off) program
signal – its weak signal
It cannot give power to motor
So for that we need a bridge circuit or motor driver
This is used between motor and Arduino
Motor driver – gets the Arduino weak signal and change it
to super power and amplify to motor (change weak to strong signal)
IC -> chip l293d
Two usages
è power
amplify
è change
the direction of motor (to change the bidirectionly switching the direction of
motor spin
è connects
2 motors (use both side of the ic) or
can connect only one motor
è one
motor we select any side, both sides are identical
è there
are 16 pins
è if we
connect one motor then use one side 8 pins
è ex: we
give weak signal input1/output1 and then output2/ input2
è one motor got 2 terminal so we
have 2 o/p and 2 i/p
Enable:
è Give
5v to make it active on that direction
è Give
-ve to GRN
VS :
è keeps the IC alive -> to give 5v
è Give
-ve to GRN
Input 1 & input 2:
è Arduino
signal
Output 1 & output 2 :
è Motor
Top and bottom pin give 5v
Middle two ground
Motor gots 2 terminal
Water level sensor (this only works in water)
è Liquid
level detection
è Fuel
indicator
è Oil
indicator
è Flood
indication system
è Can be
used for Dam water level
è L293d
è Water
motor – contains dc motor,
è Fan
è Motor
when its on, the fan with rotate
è Centricpetal,
centrifugal
o Centripetal force is the force REQUIRED for circular motion.
o Centrifugal force is the force that makes something flee from
the center.
o Dc motor – centrifugal force
o Pumping one place to another place
o Water comes from reservoir to house
è Project
Check the water level ina
container
Low- on red light
Medium-orange
Green-full
If its red then turn on the water pump
And when the light is green then stop the water pump
Or use the delay of 2 secs then stop the water pump
Equipment
§ Red,
green , orange (3) leds
§ Bump
§ L293d
§ Water
sensor
https://www.elprocus.com/h-bridge-motor-control-circuit-using-l293d-ic/
|
5v |
5v |
|
arduino |
Arduino
– pin 5 |
|
motor |
motor |
|
gnd |
gnd |
|
gnd |
gnd |
|
motor |
motor |
|
arduino |
Arduino
– pin 6 |
|
5v |
5v |
Arduino
RGB – Cathod – long leg – 5v
RGB – pwd 11,10,9
Water sensor
Gnd
Positive
Input – A0 – Arduino
Home work
Soil monitor sensors
Take measurements of soil
Motors – servo motors
Takes input and give mechanical motors
Dc motors – spins for motors (0-360) where we need to spin
Precise movement and move to particular angle that action we
need a special motors (0 to 180 degree). It used to for angle movement.
Example: toll gate open from
0 to 80 degrees then it come back to 0 degrees
What happens if use dc motor
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